A Real-Time Remote IDS Testbed for Connected Vehicles

Connected vehicles are becoming commonplace. A constant connection between vehicles and a central server enables new features and services. This added connectivity raises the likelihood of exposure to attackers and risks unauthorized access. A possible countermeasure to this issue are intrusion detection systems (IDS), which aim at detecting these intrusions during or after their occurrence. The problem with IDS is the large variety of possible approaches with no sensible option for comparing them. Our contribution to this problem comprises the conceptualization and implementation of a testbed for an automotive real-world scenario. That amounts to a server-side IDS detecting intrusions into vehicles remotely. To verify the validity of our approach, we evaluate the testbed from multiple perspectives, including its fitness for purpose and the quality of the data it generates. Our evaluation shows that the testbed makes the effective assessment of various IDS possible. It solves multiple problems of existing approaches, including class imbalance. Additionally, it enables reproducibility and generating data of varying detection difficulties. This allows for comprehensive evaluation of real-time, remote IDS.Comment: Peer-reviewed version accepted for publication in the proceedings of the 34th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium On Applied Computing (SAC'19

Time-resolved gas-phase kinetic, quantum chemical, and RRKM studies of reactions of silylene with alcohols

Time-resolved kinetic studies of silylene, SiH2, generated by laser flash photolysis of 1-silacyclopent-3-ene and phenylsilane, have been carried out to obtain rate constants for its bimolecular reactions with methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol. The reactions were studied in the gas phase over the pressure range 1-100 Torr in SF6 bath gas, at room temperature. In the study with methanol several buffer gases were used. All five reactions showed pressure dependences characteristic of third body assisted association reactions. The rate constant pressure dependences were modelled using RRKM theory, based on Eo values of the association complexes obtained by ab initio calculation (G3 level). Transition state models were adjusted to fit experimental fall-off curves and extrapolated to obtain k∞ values in the range 1.9 to 4.5 × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. These numbers, corresponding to the true bimolecular rate constants, indicate efficiencies of between 16 and 67% of the collision rates for these reactions. In the reaction of SiH2 + MeOH there is a small kinetic component to the rate which is second order in MeOH (at low total pressures). This suggests an additional catalysed reaction pathway, which is supported by the ab initio calculations. These calculations have been used to define specific MeOH-for-H2O substitution effects on this catalytic pathway. Where possible our experimental and theoretical results are compared with those of previous studies

Time-resolved gas-phase kinetic, quantum chemical and RRKM studies of the reaction of silylene with 2,5-dihydrofuran

Time-resolved kinetic studies of silylene, SiH2, generated by laser flash photolysis of phenylsilane, have been carried out to obtain rate coefficients for its bimolecular reaction with 2,5-dihydrofuran (2,5-DHF). The reaction was studied in the gas phase over the pressure range 1-100 Torr in SF6 bath gas, at five temperatures in the range 296-598 K. The reaction showed pressure dependences characteristic of a third body assisted association. The second order rate coefficients obtained by RRKM-assisted extrapolation to the high pressure limits at each temperature, fitted the following Arrhenius equation where the error limits are single standard deviations: log(k/cm3 molecule-1 s-1) = (-9.96 ± 0.08) + (3.38 ± 0.62 kJ mol-1)/ RT ln10 End product analysis revealed no GC-identifiable product. Quantum chemical (ab initio) calculations indicate that reaction of SiH2 with 2,5-DHF can occur at both the double bond (to form a silirane) and the O-atom (to form a donor acceptor, zwitterionic complex) via barrierless processes. Further possible reaction steps have been explored, of which the only viable one appears to be decomposition of the O-complex to give 1,3-butadiene + silanone, although isomerisation of the silirane cannot be completely ruled out. The potential energy surface for SiH2 + 2,5-DHF is consistent with that of SiH2 with Me2O, and with that of SiH2 with cis-but-2-ene, the simplest reference reactions. RRKM calculations incorporating reaction at both π- and O-atom sites, can be made to fit the experimental rate coefficient pressure dependence curves at 296-476 K, giving values for k∞(π) and k∞(O) which indicate the latter is larger in magnitude at all temperatures, in contrast to values from individual model reactions. This unexpected result suggests that, in 2,5-DHF with its two different reaction sites, the O-atom exerts the more pronounced electrophilic attraction on the approaching silylene. Arrhenius parameters for the individual pathways have been obtained. The lack of a fit at 598K is consistent with decomposition of the O-complex to give 1,3-butadiene + silanone

CYP-mediated drug-drug interactions with evacetrapib, an investigational CETP inhibitor: in vitro prediction and clinical outcome

AIMS Evacetrapib is a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor under development for reducing cardiovascular events in patients with high risk vascular disease. CETP inhibitors are likely to be utilized as ‘add-on’ therapy to statins in patients receiving concomitant medications, so the potential for evacetrapib to cause clinically important drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with cytochromes P450 (CYP) was evaluated. METHODS The DDI potential of evacetrapib was investigated in vitro, followed by predictions to determine clinical relevance. Potential DDIs with possible clinical implications were then investigated in the clinic. RESULTS In vitro, evacetrapib inhibited all of the major CYPs, with inhibition constants (Ki) ranging from 0.57 μM (CYP2C9) to 7.6 μM (CYP2C19). Evacetrapib was a time-dependent inhibitor and inducer of CYP3A. The effects of evacetrapib on CYP3A and CYP2C9 were assessed in a phase 1 study using midazolam and tolbutamide as probe substrates, respectively. After 14 days of daily dosing with evacetrapib (100 or 300 mg), midazolam exposures (AUC) changed by factors (95% CI) of 1.19 (1.06, 1.33) and 1.44 (1.28, 1.62), respectively. Tolbutamide exposures (AUC) changed by factors of 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) and 1.06 (0.95, 1.18), respectively. In a phase 2 study, evacetrapib 100 mg had minimal impact on AUC of co-administered simvastatin vs. simvastatin alone with a ratio of 1.25 (1.03, 1.53) at steady-state, with no differences in reported hepatic or muscular adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the extent of CYP-mediated DDI with the potential clinical dose of evacetrapib is weak and clinically important DDIs are not expected to occur in patients taking concomitant medications.Ellen A. Cannady, Jeffrey G. Suico, Ming-Dauh Wang, Stuart Friedrich, Jessica R. F. Rehmel, Stephen J. Nicholls, Kathryn A. Kruege

Space power distribution system technology. Volume 2: Autonomous power management

Electrical power subsystem requirements, power management system functional requirements, algorithms, power management subsystem, hardware development, and trade studies and analyses are discussed

Space power distribution system technology. Volume 1: Reference EPS design

The multihundred kilowatt electrical power aspects of a mannable space platform in low Earth orbit is analyzed from a cost and technology viewpoint. At the projected orbital altitudes, Shuttle launch and servicing are technically and economically viable. Power generation is specified as photovoltaic consistent with projected planning. The cost models and trades are based upon a zero interest rate (the government taxes concurrently as required), constant dollars (1980), and costs derived in the first half of 1980. Space platform utilization of up to 30 years is evaluated to fully understand the impact of resupply and replacement as satellite missions are extended. Such lifetimes are potentially realizable with Shuttle servicing capability and are economically desirable

Anterolateral thigh osteomyocutaneous femur (ALTO) flap reconstruction for composite mandible and near total tongue defect utilizing a retrograde intramedullary femoral nail stabilization technique: Report of a first case

The anterior lateral thigh osteomyocutaneous free flap (ALTO) offers the advantage of reconstructing large bony and soft tissue defects. We report a novel approach for femur stabilization via retrograde intramedullary nail placement in a patient with a near total tongue and large mandibular defect who underwent ALTO reconstruction that saves operating room time and decreases risk of post-operative fracture

Educational Interventions to Improve Advance Care Planning Discussions, Documentation and Billing

Background/Objectives: To determine the impact of educational interventions, clinic workflow redesign, and quality improvement coaching on the frequency of advance care planning (ACP) activities for patients over the age of 65. Design: Nonrandomized before-and-after study. Setting: 13 ambulatory care clinics with 81 primary care providers in eastern and central North Carolina. Participants: Patients across 13 primary care clinics staffed by 66 physicians, 8 physician assistants and 7 family nurse practitioners. Interventions: Interprofessional, interactive ACP training for the entire interprofessional team and quality improvement project management with an emphasis on workflow redesign. Measurements: From July 2017 through June 2018—number of ACP discussions, number of written ACP documents incorporated into the electronic medical record (EMR), number of ACP encounters billed. Results: Following the interventions, healthcare providers were more than twice as likely to conduct ACP discussions with their patients. Patients were 1.4 times more likely to have an ACP document included in their electronic medical record. Providers were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to bill for an ACP encounter in only one clinic. Conclusions: Implementing ACP education for all clinic staff, planning for workflow changes to involve the entire interprofessional team and supporting ACP activities with quality improvement coaching leads to statistically significant improvements in the frequency of ACP discussions, the number of ACP documents included in the electronic medical record and number of ACP encounters billed

The effects of repeated corticosterone exposure on the interoceptive effects of alcohol in rats

Repeated and/or heightened elevations in glucocorticoids (e.g., repeated stress) can promote escalated drug-taking behaviors and induce compromised HPA axis function. Given that interoceptive/subjective drug cues are a fundamental factor in drug-taking behavior, we sought to determine the effects of exposure to repeated elevations in the glucocorticoid corticosterone (CORT) on the interoceptive effects of alcohol in rats using drug discrimination techniques

Search for GeV Gamma-ray Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events by CALET

We present results on searches for gamma-ray counterparts of the LIGO/Virgo gravitational-wave events using CALorimetric Electron Telescope ({\sl CALET}) observations. The main instrument of {\sl CALET}, CALorimeter (CAL), observes gamma-rays from $\sim1$ GeV up to 10 TeV with a field of view of nearly 2 sr. In addition, the {\sl CALET} gamma-ray burst monitor (CGBM) views $\sim$3 sr and $\sim2\pi$ sr of the sky in the 7 keV -- 1 MeV and the 40 keV -- 20 MeV bands, respectively, by using two different crystal scintillators. The {\sl CALET} observations on the International Space Station started in October 2015, and here we report analyses of events associated with the following gravitational wave events: GW151226, GW170104, GW170608, GW170814 and GW170817. Although only upper limits on gamma-ray emission are obtained, they correspond to a luminosity of $10^{49}\sim10^{53}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in the GeV energy band depending on the distance and the assumed time duration of each event, which is approximately the order of luminosity of typical short gamma-ray bursts. This implies there will be a favorable opportunity to detect high-energy gamma-ray emission in further observations if additional gravitational wave events with favorable geometry will occur within our field-of-view. We also show the sensitivity of {\sl CALET} for gamma-ray transient events which is the order of $10^{-7}$~erg\,cm$^{-2}$\,s$^{-1}$ for an observation of 100~s duration.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa